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Advocates for Kosova Independence (AKI)
www.alb-net.com/aki/
Separatist and Independence Movements
Sometimes people decide they cannot secure their rights within the framework
of an existing polity, and must separate from it. Sometimes they live in an
occupied country, and the occupying power has no intention of extending the
full rights of citizenship to them, or of complying with constitutional
principles. We generally favor enforcing constitutional compliance within an
existing polity, but sometimes independence is the only way. The following
are links to some movements of this kind. Inclusion does not indicate
approval or support, only relevance.
* U.S. Declaration of Independence ‹ The prototype for constitutional
government began with a war for independence, so we can hardly deny the
right of people to separate if they cannot secure their constitutional
rights within an existing polity. Most independence movements look to this
document for their inspiration.
* Movements for National, Ethnic Liberation or Regional Autonomy ‹
Autonomy, Secession, Independence and Nationalist Movements.
* Secession.Net ‹ Radical libertarian project to create a worldwide
secessionist network.
* Homelands ‹ Autonomy, Secession, Independence and Nationalist
Movements.
* Google: Society > Issues > Secession
* Azerbaijan
* Nagorno-Karabakh Republic ‹ Nagorno-Karabakh dispute from the Armenian
viewpoint.
* Karabakh.org ‹ Nagorno-Karabakh dispute from the Azeri viewpoint.
* Belgium
* Vlaams Blok ‹ Flemish independence party.
* Volksunie ‹ Flemish Free Democrats: for an independent Flanders within
a federal Europe.
* Bougainville
* Bougainville ‹ The Forgotten War in the South Pacific.
* Bougainville Independence ‹ A history of the island's struggle for
freedom, from the World History Archives.
* Bougainville Updates ‹ Latest news on the struggle for independence.
* Britain
* Sinn Féin ‹ This is the political arm of the Irish Republican Army,
independence movement that won independence for most of Ireland, except for
the counties now called Northern Ireland, which is still a part of the
United Kingdom. They won independence mainly not through a program of direct
military confrontation or bombing, but of assassination of British officials
and their informants, a program that was depicted in the movie and book
Michael Collins. They continue to agitate for unification of Northern
Ireland with the rest of Ireland. The problem is that the majority of the
people who live in Northern Ireland do not want to be united with the rest
of Ireland. They do have a legitimate claim for ending discrimination
against Catholic citizens of Northern Ireland, but not for unification,
although the general unification of Ireland and Britain within the European
Union is likely to make the issue moot. Nevertheless, their example is worth
studying.
* Scottish National Party ‹ Their current program is directed at
independence within the European Union, which leaves many questions about
what the relationship with England would be, but their support is growing,
and the recently elected Labour government has promised the Scottish
Parliament greater autonomy.
* Scottish Separatist Group and The Scottish National Liberation Army ‹
The Scottish Separatist Group was formed in October 1995 by former members
and supporters of the Scottish National Liberation Army. The SSG is a
Scottish Republican and revolutionary nationalist group which supports the
Scottish National Liberation Army politically. The SSG is an activist group
which totally rejects the pseudo-nationalism of the collaborationist SNP and
its allies.
* Scots for Independence ‹ History, articles, and links.
* Scottish Independence ‹ Scotland's move towards independence.
* The Scottish Distributist ‹ Nothing short of independence for Scotland
will do ‹ free of both Westminster and Brussels.
* Siol nan Gaidheal ‹ Cultural and fraternal organization supporting
Scottish independence.
* Scots Independence Tour ‹ The current situation, historical
perspective, and prospects for the future.
* The Campaign for Scottish Independence ‹ Prefer non-violent methods.
* Cornish Stannary Parliament ‹ Kernow, also known as Cornwall, is a
nation conquered by England whose original people were Celtic, like the
Welsh and Scots, and are trying to defend their heritage.
* Mebyon Kernow - the Party for Cornwall ‹ Cornish, Green,
Left-of-center and decentralist.
* Cymru Annibynnol Independent Wales Party ‹ Seek Welsh independence.
* Cymru 1400 ‹ Welsh nationalist/republican movement that aims for a
Welsh republic and to defend Cymru, its language and culture.
* Plaid Cymru - The Party of Wales ‹ Welsh nationalist/republican
movement, opposed to the National Assembly for Wales.
* TribanCoch ‹ Journal of the Plaid Cymru membership.
* Cymdeithas DJ ‹ Research and public education to preserve and promote
the Welsh language (Cymru).
* Welsh Distributist Movement ‹ Radical Right-wing alternative to Plaid
Cymru.
* The Welsh Assembly ‹ Not the official parliamentary body, or a group
seeking independence for Wales, but a group who oppose British membership in
the European Union.
* Mec Vannin ‹ Political party advocating full republican independence
of Mannin (the Isle of Man).
* Ulster Nation ‹ Campaigns for independence from both Great Britain and
Eire.
* ‹ Older site.
* Silent Majority ‹ Not so silent, also against membership of Britain in
the EU.
* Canada
* The Western Canada Concept ‹ Movement dedicated to building an
independent nation of Western Canada.
* Alberta Independence Party ‹ Party which advocates the independence of
Alberta under certain circumstances.
* British Columbia Separatist Movement ‹ Seek independence for the
province.
* BC Sovereignty ‹ Advocate independence of British Columbia.
* The Republic of Alberta ‹ Dedicated to the secession of Alberta.
* The Newfoundland Patriot ‹ Advocate independence of Newfoundland and
Labrador.
* Ontario Independence League ‹ Advocate independence of Ontario.
* Cape Breton Liberation Army ‹ Organization fighting for the right of
Cape Bretoners to separate from Nova Scotia and form their own province.
* Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec (MLNQ) ‹ They seek
independence for Quebec, the predominantly French-speaking province of
predominantly English-speaking Canada, mainly to try to prevent their
assimilation into the larger English-speaking world. Unfortunately, it is
not political union that produces that assimilatiion, and independence will
not end it. The world is adopting English as its universal language,
something that is no longer reversible, due to the global system of trade
and communications. There are indications, however, of a conspiracy to
promote Quebec independence to bring about a breakup of Canada and the
admission of its English-speaking provinces as states of the the United
States. There is already a strong movement for U.S. statehood in the Western
provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. British Columbia
would have to change its name. This site is entirely in French.
* Chechnya
* History of Chechnya, Past of the Chechen Republic ‹ History up to the
Russia - Chechnya War of 1994-1996.
* The Chechen War after the Fall of Grozny ‹ Report on the struggle in
Chechnya.
* Russia vs Chechnya ‹ Basics of the Russian-Chechen conflict.
* China
* International Tibet Independence Movement
* Government of Tibet in Exile‹ Official site.
* Free Tibet!‹ The world-wide movement to achieve freedom and justice
for Tibet, occupied by China since 1959. Although these efforts are mainly
nonviolent, we encourage the support of an armed resistance to back up the
political efforts. See Letter by Jon Roland.
* Free Tibet ‹ Old site.
* National Democratic Party of Tibet‹ Supports the restoration of
Tibetan independence under a democratic framework.
* Taiwan Independence Movement ‹ Advocate abandoning "one-China" farce.
* Inner Mongolian People's Party ‹ Advocates freedom, democracy and
human rights for the Mongols in Inner Mongolia currently under Chinese
colonial rule.
* Free Southern Mongolia ‹ Supports the Mongolian separatist movement.
* Southern Mongolian Freedom Federation ‹ Statements published by the
organization and photographs of protests which it has staged.
* Free Eastern Turkestan ‹ Advocates the cause of Uyghur independence.
* European Union ‹ Not a nation yet and already it has separatist
movements.
* UK Independence Party ‹ Seeks Britain's withdrawal from the European
Union.
* Europe of Democracies and Diversities (EDD) ‹ Group of
parliamentarians favoring a democratic Europe of independent nation-states.
* Europe of Nations ‹ Eurosceptic anti-Maastricht, anti-EU group (in
European Parliament)
* Campaign for an Independent Britain (CIB) ‹ Coalition group which
seeks the UK's withdrawal from the EU.
* The Bruges Group ‹ Neo-conservative group of primarily British
eurosceptics.
* Eurosceptics across Europe ‹ Links to national anti-EU sites.
* CAFE - Conservatives Against a Federal Europe ‹ Brits who don't want
to live in a European Superstate.
* The Democracy Movement ‹ A non-party campaign to keep the pound and
stop the "European Superstate".
* Congress for Democracy ‹ An all-party forum campaigning for an
independent pound and against British entry to the single currency.
* The Magna Carta Society ‹ Promotes the rights and freedoms of British
subjects, assured for all time by the Magna Carta, argues all EU Law illegal
in Britain.
* The Eurosceptic ‹ Fighting for UK independence from the European
Union.
* The Free Britain Site ‹ Warns of the dangers to Britain from EU
membership and abolishing the Pound.
* TEAM - The European Alliance of EU-critical Movements ‹ EU-critical
network of about 40 organisations in 14 countries in and outside the
European Union.
* France
* Corsica Nazione ‹ Corsican national party.
* Partit Occitan ‹ The Occitan Party: its program, Charter, and claims.
* Union Démocratique Bretonne - Breton Democratic Union ‹ Advocates home
rule for Brittany.
* Iparretarrak (IK) ‹ Armed group acting in the northern Basque Country.
* Nationalforum Elsaß-Lothringen - Forum Nationaliste d'Alsace-Lorraine
‹ National Forum of Alsace-Lorraine, the bilingual borderland between France
and Germany.
* The Savoy League - La Ligue Savoisienne ‹ Savoy, one of the oldest
nations in Europe, was annexed by France in 1860. The Savoy League, created
in 1994, seeks to reclaim its independence.
* Georgia ‹ The country, not the state.
* Abkhazia.org ‹ Coalition for a Democratic Abkhazia.
* Abkhazeti.com ‹ Georgian side of the Abkhazian conflict.
* Republic of Abkhazia (Apsny) ‹ Devoted to preserving Abkhazia's de
facto sovereignty and promoting its international recognition.
* Voice of Abkhazia ‹ The official radio station of the de facto
government.
* India
* Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF)
* Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) ‹ Alternate site.
* Dalitstan Organization ‹ Seek independence for the Dalits, or black
Untouchables, also known as Dravidians, the original inhabitants of the
Indian subcontinent before the arrival and dominance of the caucasian
Hindis.
* Hezb-e-Mughalstan ‹ The "Party of Mughalstan", which seeks
independence for Muslims, especially those in a band of territory from
Kashmir to Bombay.
* Mughalstan Nation ‹ Seek a sovereign and independent homeland for the
Urdu-speaking Muslims of South Asia.
* Free Tamil Nadu ‹ Seeks independence for the Tamil people of south
India, and perhaps union with the Tamils of Sri Lanka.
* United Liberation Front of Assam ‹ Party seeking independence for this
state.
* National Socialist Council of Nagalim ‹ Party promoting the
independence of Nagaland and many of the surrounding regions in the
northeast.
* Revolutionary People's Front of Manipur (RPF) ‹ Party promoting the
independence of Manipur.
* People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK) ‹
* Declaration of Independence of the Sikh Homeland ‹ Historical
background and grievances of the Sikh population.
* Indonesia
* Aceh Portal ‹ Acehnese Independence Movement for Northern Sumatra.
* Free Papua Movement Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM) ‹ Also known as
Irian Jaya.
* West Papua Niugini (Irian Jaya) ‹ Promote the fight for
self-determination and independence for all West Papuan peoples.
* East Timor Human Rights ‹ This page has links to several sites
supporting independence for East Timor, which was invaded by Indonesia, and
has since gained independence.
* Israel
* Palestinian National Authority, formerly called the Palestine
Liberation Organization, since the agreement with Israel yielding
administration to it of parts of the Occupied Territory resulting from the
1967 war. They are seeking an independent Palestinian state comprising all
or most of that Occupied Territory, and some of them would also like it to
include the rest of Israel as well. On the other side, many Israelis would
like to keep the land as part of Israel. The trouble is that Palestinians
already live there, and they can't figure out a way to get them to leave,
and they don't want to extend full citizenship to them, because then Jews
would be outnumbered in Israel. They are moving to some kind of agrement in
which most of the land will become a Palestinian state, but whether they can
agree on how much of that land will be included remains an open issue, and a
potential source of continuing conflict and perhaps war in the Middle East.
* Palestinian Liberation Organization ‹ National liberation movement led
by Yasser Arafat.
* Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ‹ Party advocating the
destruction of Israel.
* Azzam Publications ‹ This is an outlet for Islamic Jihad, which
promotes its view of Islam, Palestinian independence, and opposes Israel and
Western influences in the Islamic World.
* Italy
* Lega Nord ‹ Party advocating the independence of northern Italy, or
Padania.
* The Two Sicilies: The Old Independent State of Southern Italy ‹
Southern Italy's answer to the Lega Nord.
* Sardinians in Italy ‹ Overview and chronology of the situation in
Sardinia.
* Sardigna Natzione (Sardinian Nation) ‹ Sardinian nationalist movement.
* Secession fever in Italy ‹ Numerous separate areas are increasing
their demands for autonomy from the central government in Rome.
* Kosovo
* Kosova Crisis Center ‹ Supports Kosovar independence and Kosovo
Liberation Army.
* Kosova Home Page‹ News and commentary on situation in Kosova.
* Council for the Defence of Human Rights and Freedoms ‹ Kosovar human
rights group.
* Kosovo.org‹ Supports independence for Kosovo, which they spell Kosova.
* Constitutions of the Balkan states ‹ Has information about situation
surrounging Kosova.
* Kurdistan (Parts of Turkey, Iraq, and Iran)
* Kurdistan Democratic Party - KDP - Iraq ‹ One of the two main
independence parties.
* Patriotic Union of Kurdistan - PUK ‹ Second of the two main
independence parties.
* Kurdistan Regional Government - KRG ‹ De facto government in Northern
Iraq.
* Kurdistan National Assembly ‹ De facto national parliament of Iraqi
Kurdistan.
* The Kurdish Parliament in Exile - PKE ‹ For the Kurdish people in
Turkey.
* Kurdistan National Congress - KNK ‹ Coalition of national groups.
* Kurdish Information Centre ‹ National liberation movement.
* American Kurdish Information Network‹ This is an arm of the Kurdish
National Movement, which seeks a homeland, probably composed of parts of
Turkey and Iraq, and perhaps of Iran.
* Madagascar
* Merina Nation ‹ Seeks cultural preservation, autonomy, and perhaps
independence for the original malayo-indonesian people of Madagascar.
* Mauritania and Sudan
* Coalition Against Slavery In Mauritania and Sudan (CASMAS) ‹ Opposes
abuses of black Africans by dominant Arabs in these countries, which is the
issue in the genocidal civil war in Sudan, in which the people in the South
seek independence from the North.
* Mexico
* Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) (Zapatista National
Liberation Army) ‹ The Zapatistas seek justice for the aboriginal people of
the State of Chiapas and parts of neighboring states, either through reform
throughout Mexico or some degree of autonomy for the region. However, they
are also becoming the voice for the oppressed throughout Mexico. The site is
in Spanish, English, and French.
* New Zealand
* Maori Independence ‹ Struggle for "Tino Rangatiratanga" (absolute
sovereignty) by the indigenous people of New Zealand.
* Philippines
* Moro Islamic Liberation Front ‹ Islamic separatist movement in the
Philippines.
* Spain
* Euskal Herria (Basque Country) Journal ‹ This is the PR arm of the
Congress for Peace in Euskal Herria (CPEH) and the Basque National
Liberation Movement (MLNV), which seeks independence for a region of Spain
centered on Guernica and San Sebastian, and spilling over into France. They
speak one of the few remaining European languages that is not part of the
Indo-European group, related only to a language spoken in a small region in
central Asia.
* Peace in the Basque Country ‹ Official site of the Basque autonomous
government.
* Links to the Basque conflict ‹ Directory by a communist group.
* Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya ‹ Seek autonomy for Catalonia.
* United States of America
* Alaskan Independence Party ‹ Seek independence for Alaska.
* Alaskans for Independence
* Free the Bear - California Secession and Independence
* California Secessionist Party
* The Republic of Cascadia ‹ Advocates independence for the Pacific
Northwest from both America and Canada, with a libertarian and pro-business
perspective.
* Cascadian National Party ‹ Advocate secession of the present states of
Washington and Oregon from the United States.
* Cascadia Confederacy ‹ Advocates independence of the Pacific Northwest
region from the U.S. and Canada, with an anti-nationalist and
anti-capitalist perspective.
* State of Jefferson ‹ The rich history surrounding the events leading
to the State of Jefferson secession movement of 1941. The State of Jefferson
lives on in the hearts and minds of many residents of northern California
and southern Oregon today.
* Hawai`i ‹ Independent & Sovereign ‹ Separatist movement of Hawaiian
aboriginal people.
* New England Confederation Movement ‹ Seek independence for New England
states. Also see New Hampshire Chapter.
* Republic of Texas ‹ This is one of several pages for the somewhat
fractured Texas Independence Movement which has recently received a great
deal of attention. We do not support the movement. Constitutional compliance
throughout the United States is attainable. Independence is not necessary,
and distracts from the cause of constitutional compliance. But they do raise
a number of interesting issues.
* Provisional Government of the Republic of Texas ‹ Another Republic of
Texas site.
* United People's Party (Partido Nacional La Raza Unida) ‹ Many of them
seek to separate the part of the U.S. taken from Mexico from the U.S. and
make it an independent Hispanic nation called Aztlan.
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Original URL: http://www.constitution.org/cs_separ.htm
Maintained: Jon Roland of the Constitution Society
Original date: 1998 February 10.
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